Review of 2012 Walkley winning audio feature ‘The Day that Changed Grantham’


So, last night I listened to ABC Radio National’s 360documentaries - ‘The Day that Changed Grantham” by Amanda Gearing with sound engineer Louis Mitchell and executive producer, Claudia Taranto. (further info HERE
I cried. I was sucked under and into the mayhem and I was a complete, blithering mess by the end of the piece …  but I’m getting ahead of myself - let me start at the beginning …
The work examined the events during and leading up to a flash flood that devastated the small town of Grantham in north Queensland that killed twelve people…
The piece started with the scratchy, flat voice of the producer, clearly a hard-nosed investigative journalist - a voice steeped in experience that doesn’t give too much away. My first thought was - why this piece was on 360documentaries rather than the more newsy (and often more earnest and worthy) Background Briefing? The lone producer link intro is a journalistic convention and a singularly undynamic way into the story, ideas and sonic framing of a work …  That was what I was thinking at the start - by the end - the cool voice of the producer and her expert handling of the interviews brought relief and contrast to the warmth and feeling of the participant responses - and the narration intro an elegant and understated thread taking us into a rich and complex tapestry of the story world…
The work covers dramatic events that occur within a tight timeframe. The image of the build up, the event and the aftermath provides a meta structure - a slow, powerful, evolving story anchor or undertow. An ensemble cast of witnesses bring this image to life, their stories intersecting, weaving in and out of one another. The spoken words are powerful, deeply moving and poignant - the voices and narrative threads strong and individual enough to move between without confusion. The whole is framed or bookended by the more reflective question of why this happened, who was responsible and how the handling of the event could have been improved - an effective (though a little didactic) journalistic device to bring the story out from the level of personal to the national/political sphere
Crisell, an influential voice in radio studies, writes that stories in sound need to be “relatively simple” (in comparison to screen) to be coherent and legible. I disagree strongly. Stories in sound can be highly complex, and “The Day that changed Grantham” is a strong example of a detailed and nuanced work with many voices and narrative threads that doesn’t struggle to make sense… why … I think (like good storytelling in general) it’s about getting the right balance between convergent and divergent story elements - ‘narrow focus - deep view’ - is one rule of thumb that can get you there.… balancing the many voices and threads is the depiction of a tight chain of events that unravels gradually over the 50 odd minutes of the show - so the surface of voices and subplots is set against a slow moving background. Also helping to give clarity to the narrative is that all characters are essentially the one character - the witness or experiencer of the event - like David Issay’s most wonderful Witness to an Execution, this common connection creates a framework for understanding and draws attention the shades of the difference between characters and viewpoints.
A few other things I noted … the sound design and music was sensitive and well crafted - though to my ear, very limited in range. SFX were used tastefully with great effect - and all the clichés avoided but few surprises too. I would have liked a stronger aural depiction of place - particularly as it was such a key element and character in the story … use of more field and observational recordings, particularly at the beginning, would have grounded this work in the tone and tenor of the town. Also, many of the interview recordings were a bit messy (though perfectly clear), recorded from too far away, in boomy rooms etc - too much ambience for a deeply intimate sound but not enough ambience to carry meaning in and of itself…
So where was I ... yes, crying and listening (a great combo like coffee/cigarettes and red wine/chocolate) …  I recommend this work to others and think it was a beautiful story for the medium of sound - partly because the spoken word was foregrounded and such a key element of the work - tapping into oral history and storytelling … But also because as sound-only the story transcended it’s context (and the repetition of the inevitable images that would go with this story) - it became not about a terrible and traumatic event - but about the human spirit, who we are when pushed to the edges of being and fragility and balance of life. (An interesting comparison could be made with this work and ABC Local’s online coverage of the Victorian Bushfires - where lots of audio works have been set to visual recreations … but I think that would need to be another blog post)

image: from ABC Radio National website -http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/image/3584692-4x3-700x525.jpg

NonFictioNow Conference


The NonFictioNow conference came and went last week. I had to build a dry stone garden wall to give myself a space to think through it all. I feel like most of my thoughts leached out and embedded themselves in the wall  - I find I have very little left I feel I need to blog about. 
I was particularly inspired by Dr Kate Rossmanith’s presentation on a panel examining immersive writing. She’s currently working on a massive creative non-fiction research project about the criminal justice system and seems to have unprecedented access across the board…. One of those stories you can’t help thinking would be wonderful as an audio feature. She started her paper by asking how remorse is weighed and judged … I was arrested by this deeply striking idea - I imagine  this fleshy, sticky, subjective, contrite and often hypocritical human emotion on the operating table under bright lights and people in white coats with protractors, scales and rules of thumb… what a wonderful place to start a documentary.
My Sonic Writing panel with Jeff Porter, Siobhan McHugh and Sherre DeLys seemed to go pretty well. It was in Storey Hall on the first day of the conference. The sound system was appalling - but you have to stop yourself from getting too precious about these things. I really enjoyed the process of working up the panel via skype and email and then hearing all the threads drawn together live (audio of all panels will be available on the NFN blog in early 2013). 
Siobhan gave a moving paper  about the listening. One of the examples she played is fleshed out in this piece on Transom, ‘The Power of Voice’  - this example gets me every time I hear it - it’s quite an amazing piece of sound. Sherre revisited and reflected on one of her particularly beautiful works, Jarman’s Garden (hear this and other works at the Listening Room archive) and Jeff examined sound-only as an ideal form for the poetic essay. Our paper got a mention in the NonFictioNow blog. I’ll share my paper in this space as soon as I get a moment. (I should also say/disclose? that I was on the steering committee for this conference, my main contribution was helping to design and troubleshoot the social media strategy)

into the plot - cooking up a participatory project

Thought I’d write a few notes about developing participatory projects - partly to add to the general discussion and partly because my RMIT IM2 students are making one at the moment
Controlling idea - Like all good stories, participatory projects need a strong controlling idea … a reason for being… what it is all about. The best controlling ideas work on a couple of levels - the literal, face-value level of what the project is asking people to do or be part of or support… and a more transcendental level of the project taps into something greater and more profound about humanity or the universe that connects us all or makes us see the world differently… So an example, take the lovely Soundtransit project, on one level it’s doing this really nice thing of connecting a whole bunch of people around the world who are into ambient sounds and recording … but at the next level, I interpret this project as celebrating the medium sound, and it’s capacity to transport us out of the familiar and into other worlds.
Image, title and tag-line - it’s really important to get these bits right - tight, simple, clear about what the project is asking for and eloquently encapsulating the layers - the light and shade of the project. The interpretation of image/title/tag line that seems so obvious to you may pass someone else completely… so test it. Go onto the street with a board that has the image, title and tag-line and ask 10 people what they associate with this … when you think about this aspect of the project think who it repels as well as who it attracts … Also, how does the image work as a poster, as a banner, as a mid-sized image and as a thumb …
Journey - Remember you are designing a journey for participants over a period of time - the three, six or twelve month or year life of the project. Some participants will be there from the beginning, some come in half way through or towards the end - and any participants can drop off and disengage with the project at any time … you need to think about how you structure the project in the light of this… (in thinking around this stuff, I reckon there is much we can draw from games) …what is someones first experience of the project? What happens next? If you have lowered the bar to participation (and created an on-ramp) by asking for a comment only - where do you take them next, where in the life of the project do you build in turning points or plot points, make a change that keeps the project novel and evolving … find the right balance between repetition and variation … do you have sub-goals or events to work towards or build buzz around  - ideally, these build in intensity towards your final goal. Are you aiming for deep involvement from fewer people or a little bit from lots of people … what is the pay off for involvement, if I have submitted my photo or nugget of wisdom, what keeps me coming back and looking in on how the project is developing … how will the project make sense to someone who blows in half-way through … what is your process of welcoming someone, of getting them up to speed, of showing them the benefits of the project without being pushy… make every attempt to make the experience of the project dynamic and rewarding, to take users ‘somewhere’ - use amorphous arguments like just wanting to let it ‘be’ or ‘float’ as a complete last resort.
Destination - not all participatory projects are about delivering a professionalised ‘artefact’ … but if you find yourself working for a broadcaster or a cultural institution - you can argue till you are blue in the face about how valuable this participatory project is going to be for the organisation - how it will promote the values of the institution, deepen the users relationship and create, for want of a better word - a huge amount of cultural capital - they will want an outcome - they want to fill air-time. How will you achieve this through the project … you are the people in between the public user and the professional management of a creative company - the interpreter, if you like … what will you make or help make or package with all this content… When thinking about outcomes, I like to work with two - the first being the outcome that is the big repository for all the material that comes in, the second, building on this, refining and developing it … If you are building a participatory project as an exercise for school, I recommending imagining a ‘client’ - a media or cultural institution that may commission a project ‘like this’ - it can help guide or shape some of your decisions.
Community - Don’t think of building a participatory project without thinking about the people who will be contributing to it. It’s best if you have a particular community in mind from the outset … part of your preliminary research should definitely include community investigation. Whether you have or don’t have a community or group in mind - at least imagine them. Imagine a hard core user of the project, how they find out about it, how they get involved, their first experience of the project, what happens next … etc … and then imaging a regular user and an observer-user … Think of different pathways through the experience you are creating. 

vision envy


Finally getting around to reading Andrew Crisell’s ancient but highly influential radio studies text “Understanding Radio”. It opens with the rather provocative generalisation, “What strikes everyone, broadcasters and listeners alike, as significant about radio is that it is a blind medium” … he develops this theme of lack and deficiency “… in all kinds of radio much effort is expended on overcoming the limitations of the medium”p4

I disagree here - as a radio maker I spend a lot of time and effort on working with the advantages of the medium … it’s capacity to draw on the language of music to make meaning, articulate structure and build dramatic tension, the capacity of sound to let a story or an account breathe and run, to explore ideas and stories that vision can obscure or get in the way of or just not capture so well…

I feel this blind business in radio studies is a bit of a furfie - What is not communicated is as important as what is - in any medium - crafting a story is making decisions of what to leave in and what to leave out (from my perspective as somone who works with non-ficiton). Rah, rah.

I should just leave this to Hugh Chignell. He responds to this very succinctly in Key Concepts in Radio Studies, pointing out that "this obsession with deficiency is not shared by the visual arts or by novelists and literary critics"p59 … so why is radio, or some writers about radio, so hung up on it.


back from (radio) beyond (radio conference) ...


Returned from a productive time at ABC Radio National's 'Radio Beyond Radio' conference. I spoke on a panel called Story Circle: Collaborations with the Former Audience, and attended the last two days.

Fell in love with the charming Silvain Gire and ARTE radio. I'd known about it hadn't taken the time to explore the site properly - it being in French and me not speaking French was a bit of a  deterrent. So a guided tour made the difference - some gorgeous looking online features and collaborations between audio and graphic story tellers and photographers ... and lots of sound just being sound with no pictures. Nice.

Also very excited by geo-mapping with sound. Fran ran a workshop over the week to create a locative non-fiction work around China Town in Sydney. Planning to investigate the program, Appfurnace.

Great too to catch up with - and finally meet in the flesh - notorious radio makers and researchers Norie Numark, Virginia Madsen and Euidice Aroney.

Wise words from radio maker, Robyn Ravlich

Had the lovely Robyn Ravlich down from Sydney to work with my PP2 students this week. Robyn is a wonderful program maker and supporter of audio documentaries and features - she was at the ABC for thirty-five years and was part of the Listening Room and the earlier program, Surface Tension - more recently she led the Music Unit at ABC Radio National. She’s won a string of awards and and has an impressive body of work. Find links to some of Robyn’s work on the ABC Radio National Robyn Ravlich Tribute.

I’ve had the good fortune to work with Robyn as a freelancer and and in-house online producer at ABC Radio National.

It’s great to have her working with my final year media production students this semester. She has provided a brief and will be auditioning content for an online feature to accompany an audio documentary Robyn is making for ABC Radio National. Robyn’s program is about the Mexican celebration of the Day of the Dead and the students will be exploring how it is celebrated in Australia through a folio of audio, stills, text, and moving image. (For more info go to Dearly Departed production blog, Dearly Departed@ABC Pool and on FB)

In the workshop Robyn gave the students feedback on their work and also spoke about her own story, approach and  programs …

This is what she said about what you need to make a good audio documentary ….

  • Inquisitiveness:  what is this about, can I discover essence and communicate; finding information and informants throughout the process.
  • Immersion: images & sounds cemeteries, street parades, books, videos, conversations, correspondence, music CDs
  • Inspiration : continuous process throughout : Frida Kahlo life story, imagery, recipes, letters, Blue House, Coyoacan; visit to the Templo Mayor in Mexico City with the wall of skulls, concert in museum.
  • Impediments: language, finding suitable speakers
  • Imagination: creative stirrings, letting your thoughts dance; feeling faint & overcome in Mexico City
  • Identification: of your materials, seeing what you have, marking or labelling it in some way that you can recognize and find when you start to construct. This step also lets you discover what you don’t have and still need to find, or an alternative.
  • Intimacy: engagement with the material you have so you can see what’s useful, essential, engaging or superfluous and weak. Editing, and shaping constituent material to see what reveals itself and what you might have missed. Know where the atmosphere is.
  • Ingenuity: a leap that allows your imagination to bear fruit, putting elements together to see what happens eg Dios Nunca Muere
  • Illusion/allusion/elusion: painting with images and sound, sleight of hand, artfulness and artless; what is real and imagined; a poetic approach

interlocking platforms and services



In my online production course at RMIT my students are exploring online identity and their virtual manifestation via social media. Their task has been to create a dynamic online identity online across multiple platforms, sites and services. The students have asked me to provide a few notes about service clustering, mapping interleaved platforms and developing an online project hub...
These notes are relevant beyond thinking about how our persona's roll out online to thinking how we develop transmedial projects and creative artefacts span and draw on multiple platforms...
My IM2.12 notes fr students:
Righto - so our online identities are fractured things - bits of media and multiple accounts spread across a range of  platforms/services/sites from FB to twitter, tumblr, soundcloud, vimeo, posterous, linkedIn etc.etc. Some of us think of our online ID as the sum of all these parts - others break it down into different ID ‘bundles’ for personal stuff, school stuff, sports stuff, professional stuff, for example.
An ID hub is a URL that brings together all the sites/services/spaces associated with a single, coherent ID. Your hub should be the one stop shop - the heart, if you like, of your ID service bundle. Many sites/services can perform the hub function for you … you choose the right one for you. Sites like Glos.si and Flavours.me are aggregation services designed to be ID hubs - but you can also use a blog like tumblr, posterous, wordpress and blogger to perform the same function by embedding your twitter feed and having prominent pages/links  or rss feeds to the other services you use.
An ID map indicates all the sites/services your ID bundle uses as well as the relationships between the different sites. For example - below is a (fictional) example of a filmmaker/academic ID …
The different spaces this ID uses include:
  • Twitter - for quick text posts - a mix of academic, production, personal updates, re-tweets and conversations
  • Vimeo - to put samples of professional work and maybe a few personal videos
  • LinkedIn - for mainly CV work history stuff
  • Website - this is the ID’s work profile on the work website (static space)
  • Blog - this if for more in-depth observations and rants about making, teaching and research
  • FB - this is manly a personal space but does have a few things the ID is happy to share to wider public
  • Glos.si - The ID hub.
The map indicates that Glos.si is acting as the ID hub - all sites are either feeding content into the space or are represented as a weblink on the hub site. The twitter account is doing something a little more interesting in the map -  blog content is fed into twitter and then twitter feeds it into the ID hub. The twitter account is also embedded in the ID’s blog and on their LinkedIn page. The hub more or less runs itself - getting updated whenever the ID is active on one of the feeder sites - the hub does need to be watched and edited, however, because the ID doesn’t want everything from FB, for example, to go onto the public hub. The ID has decided to put the extra work into a close edit of the glos.si hub because it wants to put some ‘personality’ into it’s overall professional image, and linking to FB is the most efficient way of doing this - to the ID’s way of thinking ….
Some things to think about when structuring and mapping your ID
  • Beware and be aware of automatic feeds … ensure content is not doubled up or ‘feeding back’ - for example if blog content was feeding into twitter and also feeding into glos.si and twitter was feeding into glos.si too, then the blog content would turn up twice in the hub and require you to manually watch it and fix it
  • Seek to get the most gain (look active and share interesting stuff) with the least amount of effort - the more you have to edit, tweak, fix and manually re-post to different spaces - the more work it takes and the less ‘time and cost effective’ and more laborious the whole operation becomes … This is one of the downsides with having multiple online IDs - they take a lot of time, the ID bundles end up looking inactive because you are spreading your activity too thin …
  • Do consider the function or purpose of a given site/service in the context of your ID and try to keep it a little bit focused … for example, if you want a public CV maybe best to have one space that delivers that info (as opposed to delivering it on both a linked-in account and on a static CV-content website). Also it’s fine to use sites how you want to use them as opposed to how they want you to use them. For example, I have a vimeo account, but (at the moment) I only use this store content that I embed in other sites and not as a display place, and that is completely fine and works in the context of my online ID.
If you are completing the media degree in the order it was designed to be experienced in - then you will find these online mapping and linking developing ‘hubs’ and ‘entry points’ skills will come in handy next year. In PP1 you will be designing - not an identity/character over multiple platforms - but a project/story that rolls out across multiple platforms  … But more on that later ☺